When Was Battersea Power Station Built? A Comprehensive Overview

Battersea power station is one of the most iconic landmarks in London, recognized for its distinctive Art Deco design and towering chimneys. This decommissioned coal-fired power station has a rich history that dates back nearly a century. Understanding when Battersea Power Station was built provides insight into London’s industrial heritage and architectural evolution. In this article, we will explore the timeline of its construction, key phases of development, and its significance.

Early 1920s: The Planning and Design Phase

The idea for Battersea Power Station emerged in the early 1920s as London’s demand for electricity grew rapidly. The London Electric Supply Corporation (LESC) identified the need for a large-scale power station on the south bank of the River Thames. The chosen site was strategic due to its proximity to the river, allowing easy coal delivery by barge and efficient cooling water supply. Architect Sir Giles Gilbert Scott was commissioned to design the power station, blending functional industrial design with elegant Art Deco elements.

1929: Construction of Battersea Power Station Begins

Construction officially commenced in 1929. The project was ambitious, aiming to build one of the largest power stations in Europe. The first phase, known as Station A, was designed to generate 500 megawatts of electricity. This phase included two chimneys and machinery halls. The construction process was complex, involving large-scale engineering and architectural challenges.

1933: Completion of Station A

By 1933, the first phase of Battersea Power Station was completed and became operational. Station A started supplying electricity to London, significantly contributing to the city’s power needs during a period of industrial expansion. The power station’s distinctive chimneys and brick facade quickly became a symbol of modernity and progress.

Late 1930s to 1940s: Expansion and Station B Construction

Due to increasing electricity demand, plans for expansion were set in motion. The second phase, known as Station B, began construction in 1937. This phase mirrored the design of Station A, adding two more chimneys and doubling the power output. However, construction was delayed by World War II, and Station B was not completed until 1955.

1955: Full Completion of Battersea Power Station

With the completion of Station B in 1955, Battersea Power Station reached its full capacity of 500 megawatts from Station A and another 500 megawatts from Station B, making it one of the largest and most efficient coal-fired power stations of its time. Its completion marked the end of a significant era in London’s industrial development.

Architectural Significance and Cultural Impact

Beyond its functional role, Battersea Power Station is renowned for its architectural significance. Sir Giles Gilbert Scott’s design combined industrial utility with aesthetic appeal, influencing power station architecture worldwide. Over time, the building became a cultural icon, appearing in films, album covers (notably Pink Floyd’s “Animals”), and literature.

Decommissioning and Redevelopment

Battersea Power Station was decommissioned in 1983 due to changes in energy production and the shift away from coal. Since then, it has undergone various redevelopment plans aimed at preserving its historic structure while repurposing the site for commercial and residential use. This redevelopment continues to honor its heritage while adapting to modern needs.

Battersea Power Station was built over a period stretching from 1929 to 1955, with two main construction phases that produced one of London’s most recognizable industrial landmarks. Its inception in the early 1920s, the start of construction in 1929, the completion of Station A in 1933, and Station B in 1955 highlight the station’s evolution alongside London’s growing electricity demands. Today, it stands as a testament to innovative industrial design and remains a symbol of London’s rich architectural and cultural history. Understanding when Battersea Power Station was built helps appreciate its role in shaping the city’s past and its ongoing legacy.